publications

2025

1. Steering Prosocial AI Agents: Computational Basis of LLM’s Decision Making in Social Simulation

   Ji Ma

   Apr 2025

   Abs DOI

   Large language models (LLMs) increasingly serve as human-like decision-making agents in social science and applied settings. These LLM-agents are typically assigned human-like characters and placed in real-life contexts. However, how these characters and contexts shape an LLM’s behavior remains underexplored. This study proposes and tests methods for probing, quantifying, and modifying an LLM’s internal representations in a Dictator Game – a classic behavioral experiment on fairness and prosocial behavior. We extract “vectors of variable variations” (e.g., “male” to “female”) from the LLM’s internal state. Manipulating these vectors during the model’s inference can substantially alter how those variables relate to the model’s decision-making. This approach offers a principled way to study and regulate how social concepts can be encoded and engineered within transformer-based models, with implications for alignment, debiasing, and designing AI agents for social simulations in both academic and commercial applications.

2. Why do some academic articles receive more citations from policy communities?

   Ji Ma and Yuan (Daniel) Cheng

   Public Administration Review, Apr 2025

   Abs DOI

   We (1) present the landscape of the citations of Public Administration and Policy (PAP) scholarly articles in policy documents and (2) examine influencing factors along three dimensions: collaborative teams, cross-disciplinary interactions, and disruptive paradigms. Using data from the 30 most-cited PAP peer-reviewed journals and 38,062 documents from 1107 policy institutions, we find that 10.1% of all PAP scholarship receives high citations from both academics and policy communities. Collaborative teams, cross-disciplinary interactions, and disruptive paradigms can all increase the citations within policy communities, yet the relationships are not linear. Nonacademic authors can consistently attract more policy citations, whether publishing alone or collaborating with academics. An article should ideally cite no more than 13 disciplinary subjects. No significant trade-off between scholarly and policy impact as scholarly citations and the academic reputation of authors often translate into policy citations. These findings offer novel and concrete insights into optimizing academic research for policy impact.

2024

1. How High Is Too High? An Experimental Analysis of Donors’ Aversion to Nonprofit Overhead

   ChiaKo Hung, Jessica L. Berrett, and Ji Ma

   Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, May 2024

   Abs DOI

   Despite the abundance of literature related to nonprofit overhead, the following questions remain unclear: (a) How high is too high for individual donors when considering an organization’s overhead? (b) Is there a difference between nonprofit subsectors in individual donors’ aversion to nonprofit overhead? Moreover, (c) Does trust play a role in individual donors’ overhead aversion? This study used a survey experiment and randomly assigned participants to one of four overhead ratio conditions (5%, 20%, 35%, and 50%). We find that individuals’ donations to human service nonprofits substantially decrease when the overhead reaches 35%. In contrast, their donations to health care nonprofits do not decrease until the ratio reaches 50%. In addition, we find that donors lose trust in nonprofits when overhead costs are higher, leading to decreased donations. The findings contribute to the theoretical understanding of donors’ giving behavior, offering practical implications for promoting sustainable giving.

2. Consensus Formation in Nonprofit and Philanthropic Studies: Networks, Reputation, and Gender

   Ji Ma and René Bekkers

   Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, Feb 2024

   Abs DOI

   The research field of nonprofits and philanthropy has grown exponentially. To what extent do nonprofit scholars share a common language? Answering this question is crucial to assessing the field’s intellectual cohesiveness. We studied how coauthor networks, scholarly reputation, and the prevalence of female authors influence consensus formation. We found that the degree of consensus for all major research topics in the field has increased over time—For every 10% growth in the volume of literature, shared language increased by 1.4%. A cohesive research community on nonprofits and philanthropy has been forming since the early 2000s. Female scholars are fewer in number and less cited than males; their presence did not exceed 40% for most topics. The citation counts of scholars and small-world property of networks are positively associated with consensus, suggesting that star researchers and knowledge brokers bridging different intellectual communities are key to sharing research interests and language.

3. Neutral, Non-Disruptive, and Native: Why Do Chinese Nonprofit Scholars Cite English Articles?

   Ji Ma

   Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, Aug 2024

   Abs DOI

   Language shapes diverse cultures and creates natural barriers between human societies. The landscape of nonprofit and philanthropic studies in non-English languages is barely charted, impeding the globalization of this research field. This project (a) describes the topics shared between English and Chinese scholarship on nonprofits and philanthropy and (b) explores why English scholarship is cited in Chinese journal articles from five aspects: rationale of scholarship, novelty, relevance, social network, and reputation. The English articles cited by Chinese scholars tend to: (a) focus on instrumentality but not expressive values, (b) develop rather than disrupt existing paradigms, and (c) be relevant to topics popular in Chinese literature and have authors with Chinese scholarly connections. In general, Chinese scholars tend to cite English articles that are value-neutral, non-disruptive, and native. Theoretical and methodological implications for examining nonprofit studies in other languages are discussed.

4. How Do Nonprofits’ Organizational Characteristics Shape Environmental Philanthropy in Texas? A Network Science Approach

   Joycelyn Ovalle, R. Patrick Bixler, and Ji Ma

   Nonprofit Policy Forum, Oct 2024

   Abs DOI

   In efforts to address the far-reaching effects of climate change and associated impacts in communities, research on environmental philanthropy suggests that more resources are being allocated to environmental societal challenges. However, understandings about which environmental nonprofits benefit from these funding flows is limited. This study integrates resource dependency theory with elitism and pluralism perspectives to analyze a network of environmental nonprofits and their funders in Texas. Resource dependency and a network-analytic approaches share underlying relationality principles, and we connect those dots by conceptualizing the funding dynamics in Texas as a network of funder-grantee relations. Drawing on statewide survey data ( n  = 114), we use a network analysis technique – exponential random graph modeling (ERGM) – to analyze funding allocations in Texas through the organizational attributes of environmental nonprofits, their funder-grantee relations, and their community context. We specifically observe elitism in funding allocations in Texas, which is evident in network effects (preferential attachment) and the focal areas of environmental work. However, we find limited evidence that age or resources of the nonprofit are predictive of funding and the most influential factor determining a funder-grantee relationship is the natural hazard risk of the community served by the nonprofit. Our findings suggest interconnected funding dynamics of pluralism and elitism in the Texas environmental philanthropy landscape, prompting further discussion about the potential synergies of these patterns and the implications for environmental funding practices.

5. Can Machines Think Like Humans? A Behavioral Evaluation of LLM-Agents in Dictator Games

   Ji Ma

   Dec 2024

   Abs DOI

   As Large Language Model (LLM)-based agents increasingly undertake real-world tasks and engage with human society, how well do we understand their behaviors? We (1) investigate how LLM agents’ prosocial behaviors – a fundamental social norm – can be induced by different personas and benchmarked against human behaviors; and (2) introduce a behavioral and social science approach to evaluate LLM agents’ decision-making. We explored how different personas and experimental framings affect these AI agents’ altruistic behavior in dictator games and compared their behaviors within the same LLM family, across various families, and with human behaviors. The findings reveal substantial variations and inconsistencies among LLMs and notable differences compared to human behaviors. Merely assigning a human-like identity to LLMs does not produce human-like behaviors. Despite being trained on extensive human-generated data, these AI agents are unable to capture the internal processes of human decision-making. Their alignment with human is highly variable and dependent on specific model architectures and prompt formulations; even worse, such dependence does not follow a clear pattern. LLMs can be useful task-specific tools but are not yet intelligent human-like agents.

2023

1. Institutional factors influencing knowledge production for practice: Evidence from nonprofit studies

   Ji Ma, Joycelyn Ovalle, and Yan Wang

   PLOS ONE, Oct 2023

   Abs DOI

   This study theorizes and tests an institutional-logics framework to explain why some universities produce more practice-oriented peer-reviewed journal articles than others, using nonprofit studies as an example. Empirically, knowledge production for practice can be increased by (1) graduate degree programs with an emphasis on nonprofit management, (2) research centers on nonprofit studies, and (3) location in disadvantaged communities; however, (4) status as an R1 or R2 research university substantially decreases the production of practical knowledge. Furthermore, (5) research centers can mediate the influence of community needs on knowledge production, so that universities with nonprofit research centers are more responsive to solving community issues. Theoretically, knowledge production follows the institutional logics of both closed and open systems, and institutions such as research centers that can repackage the culture of open systems to make it acceptable to closed systems are essential mediators.

2. Computational Social Science for Nonprofit Studies: Developing a Toolbox and Knowledge Base for the Field

   Ji Ma, Islam Akef Ebeid, Arjen Wit, and 4 more authors

   VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, Feb 2023

   Abs DOI

   How can computational social science (CSS) methods be applied in nonprofit and philanthropic studies? This paper summarizes and explains a range of relevant CSS methods from a research design perspective and highlights key applications in our field. We define CSS as a set of computationally intensive empirical methods for data management, concept representation, data analysis, and visualization. What makes the computational methods “social” is that the purpose of using these methods is to serve quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods social science research, such that theorization can have a solid ground. We illustrate the promise of CSS in our field by using it to construct the largest and most comprehensive database of scholarly references in our field, the Knowledge Infrastructure of Nonprofit and Philanthropic Studies (KINPS). Furthermore, we show that through the application of CSS in constructing and analyzing KINPS, we can better understand and facilitate the intellectual growth of our field. We conclude the article with cautions for using CSS and suggestions for future studies implementing CSS and KINPS.

3. How Does an Authoritarian State Co-opt Its Social Scientists Studying Civil Society?

   Ji Ma

   VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, Aug 2023

   Abs DOI

   What channels can an authoritarian state employ to steer social science research towards topics preferred by the regime? I researched the Chinese coauthor network of civil society studies, examining 14,088 researchers and their peer-reviewed journal articles published between 1998 and 2018. Models with individual and time fixed-effects reveal that scholars at the center of the network closely follow the narratives of the state’s policy plans and could serve as effective state agents. However, those academics who connect different intellectual communities tend to pursue novel ideas deviating from the official narratives. Funding is an ineffective direct means for co-opting individual scholars, possibly because it is routed through institutions. Combining these findings, this study proposes a preliminary formation of authoritarian knowledge regime that consists of (1) the state’s official narrative, (2) institutionalized state sponsorship, (3) co-opted intellectuals centrally embedded in scholarly networks, and (4) intellectual brokers as sources of novel ideas.

4. Crowding out

   Joycelyn Ovalle and Ji Ma

   In Elgar Encyclopedia of Nonprofit Management, Leadership and Governance, Dec 2023

   Abs

   The Elgar Encyclopedia of Nonprofit Management, Leadership and Governance is the ultimate reference guide for those interested in the rapidly growing nonprofit sector. Each insightful entry includes a definition of the concept, practical applications in nonprofit organizations, and discussion of current issues and future directions.

5. Bridging State and Nonprofit: Differentiated Embeddedness of Chinese Political Elites in Charitable Foundations

   Ji Ma

   Journal of Chinese Political Science, Sep 2023

   Abs DOI

   How are political elites embedded in both civil and political domains? I studied 246 Chinese political elites who also served on nonprofit foundations’ boards from 2011 to 2015 and conceptualized a framework to understand the state-nonprofit relationship before 2015. The political elites can build horizontal connections with foundations, helping the party-state reach nonprofit actors. They can also build vertical connections with political groups, helping foundations access political resources. The dual-role elites’ connectedness with foundations and in the polity varies by their primary positions in the political system. Effective communication between the state and nonprofit actors requires elites to have strong connections in both the civil and political domains, but the situation in China is far from ideal—those embedded in foundations are disconnected from the polity, and those connected in the polity are marginalized in foundations.

2021

1. Automated Coding Using Machine Learning and Remapping the U.S. Nonprofit Sector: A Guide and Benchmark

   Ji Ma

   Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, Jun 2021

   Abs DOI

   This research developed a machine learning classifier that reliably automates the coding process using the National Taxonomy of Exempt Entities as a schema and remapped the U.S. nonprofit sector. I achieved 90% overall accuracy for classifying the nonprofits into nine broad categories and 88% for classifying them into 25 major groups. The intercoder reliabilities between algorithms and human coders measured by kappa statistics are in the “almost perfect” range of .80 to 1.00. The results suggest that a state-of-the-art machine learning algorithm can approximate human coders and substantially improve researchers’ productivity. I also reassigned multiple category codes to more than 439,000 nonprofits and discovered a considerable amount of organizational activities that were previously ignored. The classifier is an essential methodological prerequisite for large-N and Big Data analyses, and the remapped U.S. nonprofit sector can serve as an important instrument for asking or reexamining fundamental questions of nonprofit studies. The working directory with all data sets, source codes, and historical versions are available on GitHub (https://github.com/ma-ji/npo_classifier).

2020

1. Funding nonprofits in a networked society: Toward a network framework of government support

   Ji Ma

   Nonprofit Management and Leadership, Jun 2020

   Abs DOI

   This study considers the effects of government funding to nonprofits from a network perspective. By analyzing a novel, 12-year panel dataset from the People’s Republic of China, I find no evidence that government funding to a nonprofit crowds out private donations to the same organization. However, I find a substantial crosswise crowding-in effect at the ego network level: an increase of one Chinese Yuan in government funding to a nonprofit’s neighbor organizations in board interlocking network can increase the private giving to the nonprofit by 0.4 Chinese Yuan. A nonprofit’s network position measured by Katz centrality negatively associates with its private giving. The results suggest that, if we consider the funding system from a holistic network perspective, government should support nonprofits with confidence because of the spillover effect. Moreover, a nascent nonprofit cannot increase donor’s confidence by only borrowing board members from renowned organizations.

2018

1. A Century of Nonprofit Studies: Scaling the Knowledge of the Field

   Ji Ma and Sara Konrath

   VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, Dec 2018

   Abs DOI

   This empirical study examines knowledge production between 1925 and 2015 in nonprofit and philanthropic studies from quantitative and thematic perspectives. Quantitative results suggest that scholars in this field have been actively generating a considerable amount of literature and a solid intellectual base for developing this field toward a new discipline. Thematic analyses suggest that knowledge production in this field is also growing in cohesion—several main themes have been formed and actively advanced since 1980s, and the study of volunteering can be identified as a unique core theme of this field. The lack of geographic and cultural diversity is a critical challenge for advancing nonprofit studies. New paradigms are needed for developing this research field and mitigating the tension between academia and practice. Methodological and pedagogical implications, limitations, and future studies are discussed.

2. Predicting Mission Alignment and Preventing Mission Drift: Do Revenue Sources Matter?

   Ji Ma, Elise Jing, and Jun Han

   Chinese Public Administration Review, Jun 2018

   Abs DOI

   Activities of nonprofit organizations do not always align with their missions, a managerial problem termed as “mission drift.” Mission drift is difficult to operationalize and quantify; thus, as a critical issue, only a few conceptual pieces or empirical case studies have explored this topic. This paper develops innovative measures to operationalize “mission alignment” using data science methodology, and examines the impact of revenue sources on mission alignment. By using the cosine similarity of text between a mission statement and program description, four measures of mission alignment are devised: the sum cosine similarity, average cosine similarity, weighted sum cosine similarity, and weighted average cosine similarity. Text analysis indicates that a majority of the programs evidence educational purposes, and for-profit business plays an important role in foundations’ projects and funding. The regression analysis shows that personal donation and service revenue can increase mission alignment,while organizational donation and membership dues decrease mission alignment.

3. Social Value Chains: A New Organizational Framework for Studies on State-Society Relations in China

   Jun Han, Ji Ma, and Zhong Wang

   Chinese Public Administration Review, Jun 2018

   Abs DOI

   In the past three decades, a large number of studies has emerged to conceptualize the changing state-society relations in China. Yet, little attention has been paid to what kinds of social sector organizations these competing and conflicting studies were empirically examining or based upon. No synergy of the organizational foundations of these studies results in deep fragmentation and weak generalization of the arguments on state-society relations in China. To address this issue, this article systematically reviews organizational bases of extant literature on Chinese state-society relations, and then constructs an inclusive organizational framework, namely “social value chains”, by combining two mainstream organizational forms in existing research along with two understudied organizational types, as a new framework to guide future research on state-society relations in China. Social value chains include four types of social sector organizations: infrastructure organizations, financial organizations, support organizations, and operating organizations. In the end, this paper points out the potential applications of this new framework in future research.

4. State power and elite autonomy in a networked civil society: The board interlocking of Chinese non-profits

   Ji Ma and Simon DeDeo

   Social Networks, Jul 2018

   Abs DOI

   In response to failures of central planning, the Chinese government has experimented not only with free-market trade zones, but with allowing non-profit foundations to operate in a decentralized fashion. A network study shows how these foundations have connected together by sharing board members, in a structural parallel to what is seen in corporations in the United States and Europe. This board interlocking leads to the emergence of an elite group with privileged network positions. While the presence of government officials on non-profit boards is widespread, government officials are much less common in a subgroup of foundations that control just over half of all revenue in the network. This subgroup, associated with business elites, not only enjoys higher levels of within-elite links, but even preferentially excludes government officials from the NGOs with higher degree. The emergence of this structurally autonomous sphere is associated with major political and social events in the state–society relationship. Cluster analysis reveals multiple internal components within this sphere that share similar levels of network influence. Rather than a core-periphery structure centered around government officials, the Chinese non-profit world appears to be a multipolar one of distinct elite groups, many of which achieve high levels of independence from direct government control.

2017

1. 美国公益四百年：从原点到起点

   季 马

   In 美国公益图谱：从传统到现代, May 2017
2. The research infrastructure of Chinese foundations, a database for Chinese civil society studies

   Ji Ma, Qun Wang, Chao Dong, and 1 more author

   Scientific Data, Jul 2017

   Abs DOI

   This paper provides technical details and user guidance on the Research Infrastructure of Chinese Foundations (RICF), a database of Chinese foundations, civil society, and social development in general. The structure of the RICF is deliberately designed and normalized according to the Three Normal Forms. The database schema consists of three major themes: foundations’ basic organizational profile (i.e., basic profile, board member, supervisor, staff, and related party tables), program information (i.e., program information, major program, program relationship, and major recipient tables), and financial information (i.e., financial position, financial activities, cash flow, activity overview, and large donation tables). The RICF’s data quality can be measured by four criteria: data source reputation and credibility, completeness, accuracy, and timeliness. Data records are properly versioned, allowing verification and replication for research purposes.

2016

1. “硅谷派”社会创新：如何协助政府应用前沿信息技术

   季 马 and 照南 朱

   21世纪经济报道, Mar 2016
2. 美国非营利管理教育研究综述

   照南 朱 and 季 马

   中国非营利评论, Mar 2016

   Abs

   美国的非营利管理教育(NME)作为一个新兴学科,在过去三十年发展迅猛。本文通过对美国NME相关研究进行系统综述发现,学者普遍认为NME与其他学科的管理教育应当作为一个新的独立学科进行发展;NME项目的数量在过去三十年迅速增加,学者提出了相对系统的课程体系,但对NME项目效果和社会影响的研究还比较缺乏;此外,在知识生产方面,尽管非营利部门的知识体系尚未完全形成,但已经涌现了大量的、独特的关于非营利管理的知识;推动美国NME发展的主要力量包括:研究中心、学术期刊、图书、学术网络、专业杂志和网站、基金会、企业和私人的资金支持等。我国当前非营利管理教育和研究都尚处于起步阶段,本文将对我国非营利管理教育的发展提供最前沿的借鉴和参考。

3. 公益创投的美国经验

   照南 朱 and 季 马

   中国社会组织, Mar 2016

   Abs

   \textless正\textgreater公益创投作为一种新兴的公益资助理念,正在被国内越来越多的基金会和投资人所接受和采用。现代形式的公益创投兴起于美国的20世纪90年代中期,后来扩展到欧洲。美国的慈善家们发现,尽管已经捐赠了上万亿美元给公益组织,然而,主要的社会问题却依然鲜有得到有效解决。随着传统基金会的捐赠方式的

2014

1. 飞行员的自由理想

   季 马

   21世纪经济报道, May 2014
2. “新”希望工程

   季 马

   21世纪经济报道, Mar 2014
3. 从象牙塔到职业圈：提升大学生能力的公益实践

   季 马

   21世纪经济报道, Feb 2014
4. 中国特色的社会企业“众生相”

   季 马

   21世纪经济报道, Apr 2014
5. TIMM指标聚焦 “产出评估”更重要

   季 马

   21世纪经济报道, Jun 2014
6. 正在消逝的“国家精神”：美国志愿服务精神与传统面临挑战

   Leslie Lenkowsky and 季 马

   21世纪经济报道, Jun 2014

2013

1. 重新定义资源价值

   季 马

   21世纪经济报道, Nov 2013

2012

1. 公益性的判断和比较

   季 马

   社团管理研究, Nov 2012

   Abs

   基金会的项目的公益性如判断和比较是一个非常复杂的问题,因为基金会的宗旨和业务范围不同,所做的项目的性质和内容都有较大的差异。慈善救助、发展型和社会创新型项目在满足一定人群社会需要的基础上都具有公益性,但是项目的公益性的高低肯定不同。项目的受益群体数量和项目完成的深度,都影响着公益性的高低:在项目深度相同的情况下,项目所能服务的对象数量越多,公益性越高;当项目效果影响的对象数量相差无几时,项目越有深度,公益性越高。

2. 慢性前列腺炎患者抑郁症状相关因素分析

   山 江, 春燕 朱, 季 马, and 1 more author

   中华男科学杂志, Nov 2012

   Abs

   目的:研究影响慢性前列腺炎(CP)患者抑郁症状的相关因素。方法:选择国际慢性前列腺炎症状指数表(NIH-CPSI)及IIEF-5评价CP患者的临床症状,抑郁自评量表(SDS)、90项症状清单(SCL-90)抑郁子量表评定抑郁症状,特质应对方式问卷(TCSQ)评价特质应对方式,疾病感知问卷(IPQ)中文修订版(CIPQ-R)进行CP患者疾病感知特点评价。对CP患者的抑郁症状与临床症状进行相关分析,对影响CP患者抑郁症状的因素进行多元逐步回归分析。结果:抑郁症状与NIH中疼痛或不适、排尿症状、症状严重程度、NIH总分呈显著正相关,与勃起功能呈显著负相关(r=0.32,0.31,0.35,0.38,-0.36,P均\textless0.05)。消极特质应对、IPQ致病因素可解释CP抑郁症状的43.4%(R2=0.434,调整后R2=0.456,F=14.853,P\textless0.001)。结论:CP患者抑郁症状与临床症状密切相关,消极应对特质和过度的疾病归因是CP患者抑郁症状的重要预测因素。

2010

1. 慢性前列腺炎患者的疾病感知研究

   山 江, 德新 于, 凯 汪, and 3 more authors

   中国男科学杂志, Nov 2010

   Abs

   目的研究慢性前列腺炎(CP)患者的疾病感知特点。方法选择疾病感知问卷中文修订版(CIPQ-R)进行CP患者疾病感知评价,国际慢性前列腺炎症状指数表(NIH-CPSI)及国际勃起功能指数表(IIEF-5)被用来评价CP患者的临床症状,对CP患者的疾病感知与慢性肝病进行对比并与临床症状进行相关分析。结果 CP患者CIPQ-R疾病周期性因子、情绪陈述因子分数偏高。Pearson相关分析显示疾病的同一性因子和情绪陈述因子与疾病感知其他因子密切相关;疾病感知各因子与临床症状评分相关性显著。结论 CP患者具有过度的负性疾病感知,使患者处于持久的不良心理应激状态下,对患者的疾病症状、生活质量、疾病预后造成较大的影响。

2. Attention networks in children with idiopathic generalized epilepsy

   Yanghua Tian, Bin Dong, Ji Ma, and 3 more authors

   Epilepsy & Behavior, Nov 2010

   Abs DOI

   Attention deficit is one of the most frequent symptoms in children with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE). However, it is unknown whether this is a global attention deficit or a deficit in a specific attention network. We used the attention network test (ANT) in children with IGE, who were not being treated with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), to determine the efficiencies of three independent attention networks (alerting, orienting, and executive control). Children with IGE showed a significant deficit in their executive control network and in overall reaction time. However, they did not show any deficit in their alerting or orienting networks. These results suggest that IGE specifically affects the executive control network.

2009

1. PI-WSUR量表在中国大学生人群中的修订

   礴 庞, 春燕 朱, 凯 汪, and 3 more authors

   中国临床心理学杂志, Nov 2009

   Abs

   目的:本研究旨在将帕多瓦量表-华盛顿州立大学修订版(Padua Inventory-Washington State University Revision,PI-WSUR)引进中国,考察PI-WSUR在中国非临床样本中的效度和信度。方法:随机抽取673名大学生完成各项量表,并对其中的153名大学生进行了重测。结果:效度检验:检验结构效度获得个5因素,与原量表一致,各因素都具有良好的区分效度(P\textless0.05;P\textless0.001)和校标效度(P\textless0.01);信度检验:PI-WSUR总分的α系数为0.90,各因素α系数分别为0.77,0.80,0.87,0.80,0.74,重测信度分别为0.59,0.53,0.61,0.74,0.60。本研究在PI-WSUR总分上未发现性别差异,但是女性被试在"污染/清洗强迫"的得分显著高于男性(P\textless0.000);男性被试在"伤害他人/自己的强迫冲动"的得分显著高于女性(P\textless0.01)。结论:PI-WSUR具备合格的效度和信度。

2008

1. 民工子弟与公办学校初中生安全感相关研究

   季 马, 凯 汪, 春燕 朱, and 3 more authors

   中国健康心理学杂志, Nov 2008

   Abs

   目的比较民工子弟学校与公办学校初中生在安全感上的差异,探讨影响安全感的相关因素。方法采用安全感量表、内在—外在心理控制源量表和自编问卷对76名民工子弟学校学生和146名公办学校学生进行了调查。结果两类学生在安全感和心理控制源上没有差异(P\textgreater0.05);安全感和心理控制源呈显著性(P\textless0.001)负相关;对自编调查问卷进行因素分析,得到的8个因素中7个因素与安全感呈显著性相关;两类学生在各影响因素上有差异的是因素1(P\textless0.01)和因素8(P\textless0.001)。结论民工子弟学校与公办学校初中生在安全感总体水平上没有差异,影响安全感的是心理控制源等共8项因素,两类学生在各影响因素中有差异的是家庭教育方式和学校环境。